The inferior constrictor muscle, as expected by its name is the most inferior of the three constrictors. Like the superior constrictor it acts to force food down the pharynx and is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus. Oropharyngeal isthmus (space between the palatoglossal arches)įor staging purposes, the lingual (anterior) surface of the epiglottis is excluded and instead classified as part of the larynx, and the nasopharyngeal (superior) surface of the soft palate is excluded and instead classified as part of the nasopharynx. It inserts into the pharyngeal raphe inferior to the superior pharyngeal constrictor. It is the uppermost and thinnest of the three pharyngeal constrictors. Valleculae (space between the base of tongue and epiglottis) The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a quadrilateral muscle of the pharynx. Glossotonsillar sulci (area between base of tongue/lingual tonsils and palatine tonsils) The pharynx is the digestive system posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx and divides into the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and laryngopharynx. Tonsillar complex ( palatine tonsils, tonsillar fossae, and tonsillar pillars) The subsites of the oropharyngeal tissues include the following:īase (posterior third) of tongue (including lingual tonsils) The insertion and innervation of these muscles is described above. Inferiorly: level of the hyoid bone or tip of epiglottis Pharyngeal surface of the soft palate: This structure is formed by the aponeuroses of several muscles including the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, levator veli palatini muscle, salpingopharyngeus muscle, palatopharyngeus muscle, and uvular muscle. Superiorly: level of the soft palate free border Anteriorly: vertical plane defined by the circumvallate papillae, anterior tonsillar pillars, and border of hard and soft palate
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